lpic_1-101/ru/102_2.md

**102.2** Установка загрузчика

Студент должен уметь выбирать, устанавливать и настраивать загрузчик ОС.

**Изучаем** :

- доступные загрузочные разделы;
- установку и настройку GRUB;
- настройку GRUB 2;
- взаимодействие с загрузчиком.

**Термины и утилиты:****        **

- menu.lst, grub.cfg и grub.conf
- grub-install
- grub-mkconfig
- MBR

При включении ПК инициализируется ПО материнской платы, которое после всех проверок передает управление первым секторам основного жесткого диска. В этих секторах находятся файлы загрузчика – специального ПО, позволяющего загрузить ядро ОС в оперативную память.

При первичной инициализации жесткого диска происходит выбор формата таблицы разделов: MBR (с ним работает BIOS) или более современный GUID (с ним работает UEFI).

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)

Рисунок 1. MBR и GPT

Существует три самых популярных загрузчика Linux систем: LiLo, Grub и Grub2. Большинство современных дистрибутивов Linux используют Grub2.

Для настройки загрузчика Lilo используется команда **liloconfig**. Текущую конфигурацию можно увидеть в файле **/**** etc ****/**** lilo ****.**** conf**. Конфигурационный файл прост для понимания, в нем указаны дисковые устройства, образы ядер, выводимый на экран при загрузке текст и т.д.

Настройки Grub хранятся в файле / **boot**** / ****grub**** / ****grub****. ****conf** или / **boot**** / ****grub**** / ****menu****. ****lst****.** В нем, помимо основных опций загрузки, указаны все доступные для загрузки ОС и порядок обращения к ним.

Grub2 является отдельным проектом, полностью созданным с ноля. Для его установки можно воспользоваться командой **grub**** - ****install** , например:

**grub**** - ****install**  **/**** dev ****/**** sda**_        (установить загрузчик на устройство / __dev__ / __sda__ );_

Основным файлом конфигурации выбора ОС является файл **/**** boot ****/**** grub ****/**** grub ****.**** cfg **, генерируемый автоматически.  Общие настройки загрузчика можно увидеть в файле** /etc/default/grub **. Скрипты, используемые загрузчиком находятся в директории** /etc/grub.d**.

Изменения, внесенные в настройки загрузчика можно загрузить в файл конфигурации командой **update**** - ****grub****.**Для автоматического создания файла конфигурации _(/ __boot__ / __grub__ / __grub__. __cfg__ )_ с типовым меню можно воспользоваться утилитой**grub ****-**** mkconfig ****.**